Quiz-mania!!! [Answers and explanations]

Please refer to my facebook notes for the questions.

(Q I)
(A) False. Animal A is an obligate biped.
(B) False. All predators scavenge to some degree.
(C) True. All vertebrates are cordates.
(D) True. {Mammal + Dinosaur {Bird}}
(E) False. {Lissamphibian + {Mammal + Dinosaur}}

(Q II)
FMNH PR 2081 is the most complete specimen.
Relevant phenomena include: allometry (body proportion influenced by size i.e. weight bearing), ontogeny (body proportion influenced by growth and maturation), sexual dimorphism (although this is controversial for tyrannosaurs), pathology, post-mortem and diagenetic distortion of skeletal components, developmental anomaly (more relevant in teeth aberration) etc.

(Q III)
No specimen represents baby or juvenile.
This is suggested by the observation that even the smallest specimen (BHI 3033) displays nasal rugosity and post-orbital bar (giving the "keyhole" orbit) - features of maturity.

(Q IV)
- Increased robustness of bony components of the skull
- Weight saving bony reduction in non force-transmitting areas (see Molnar, 1998)
- Curved maxillary teeth line producing an effective torque
- Mediolaterally expanded teeth effectively bear the impact of bite
- Thickened dentary "step" harboring strong abductor mandibular complex muscles

(Q V)
- Compact and robust cervical vertebrae anchoring strong neck and epaxial muscles
- Foreshortened pre-sacral torso to pull back center of mass towards pelvis
- Reduced forelimb (possibly to save weight)

(Q VI)
BHI - Black Hills Institute
CM - Carnegie Museum of Natural History
AMNH - American Museum of Natural History
MOR - Museum of the Rockies
FMNH - Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago)

Reference
Molnar R (1998). Gaia 15:167 [This volume is actually published in 2000]